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Life unworthy of life
The phrase "life unworthy of life" (in (ドイツ語:"Lebensunwertes Leben")) was a Nazi designation for the segments of the populace which, according to the Nazi regime of the time, had no right to live. Those individuals were targeted to be euthanized. The term included people with serious medical problems and those considered grossly inferior according to the racial policy of Nazi Germany. This concept formed an important component of the ideology of Nazism and eventually helped lead to the Holocaust.〔(The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide ) by Dr. Robert Jay Lifton (holocaust-history.org)〕
The euthanasia programme was officially adopted in 1939 and came through the personal decision of Adolf Hitler. It grew in extent and scope from Action T4 ending officially in 1941 when public protests stopped the programme, through the Action 14f13 against concentration camp inmates. The euthanasia of people with disabilities continued more less discreetly until the end of World War II. The methods used initially at German hospitals such as lethal injections and bottled gas poisoning were expanded to form the basis for the creation of extermination camps where the gas chambers were built from scratch to conduct the extermination of the Jews.〔Henry Friedlander (1995), 〕
==History==
The expression first appeared in print via the title of a 1920 book, ''Die Freigabe der Vernichtung Lebensunwerten Lebens'' (''Allowing the Destruction of Life Unworthy of Life'') by two professors, the jurist Karl Binding (retired from the University of Leipzig) and psychiatrist Alfred Hoche from the University of Freiburg.〔 Cover of ''Die Freigabe der Vernichtung Lebensunwerten Lebens'' (''Allowing the Destruction of Life Unworthy of Life'') at German Wikipedia.〕 According to Hoche, some living people who were brain damaged, mentally retarded, autistic (though not recognised as such at the time), and psychiatrically ill were "mentally dead", "human ballast" and "empty shells of human beings". Hoche felt killing such people was useful. Some people were simply considered disposable.〔("Life Unworthy of Life" and other Medical Killing Programmes )〕 Later the killing was extended to people considered 'racially impure' or 'racially inferior' according to Nazi thinking.
The concept culminated in Nazi extermination camps, instituted to systematically kill those who were unworthy to live according to Nazi ideologists. It also justified various human experimentation and eugenics programs, as well as Nazi racial policies.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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